MH has introduced and taken away weapons throughout their series. E.g. MH3 has included a Switch Axe which I am yet to use. In MHFU there are:
Sword and Shield (SnS) are Fast, nimble, limited range and has blocking. Best part is all purpose side to it, use it and you shall find out.
Dual Swords (DS) REALLY fast, nimble, limited range and no blocking. Extremely useful for when you want to venture out with a buddy or 2. 'Demonization' with the special button increases speed and damage and adds a new action.
Great Sword (GS) Intense damage, Heavy, so it's SLOW, greater range and has blocking. The speed turned me off of it in solo play, but in groups, it still is quite a force to be reckoned with. Chaining together any combo you want (overhead forward, overhead backward and sideways swing are the only moves available) and the ability to charge your strike makes it an unstoppable force if you can get around the moving speed.
Long Sword (LS) High damge over time, fast and nimble, great range and no blocking (A ninja's tool? My favourite
) The stringing of combos and Spirit gauge, enough said. With this bad-boy, you need to fill up this meter until full, then you can express exactly what 'hot knife through butter' really means. (Increased damage and sharpness)
Hammer (Hammer) For those medium paced players. Has decent damge, speed and can still be nimble but has no blocking. You have a tripple pound, a side pound and a charged special overhead slam, or spinning cyclone of mass headache.
Hunting Horn (Hunting Horn) A more strategic based weapon, plays notes to boost attributes such as stamina, damage, defence, etc. slow and doesn't block. (I don't use it enough to give more info)
Lance (Lance) Long, decent damge, slow yet don't let it fool you, it has a 'hopping' ability which can get you out of trouble, or get you into it.
Gunlance (GL) A badass weapon that needs a lot of dedication to use. Basically, either a knife strapped to a gun or a gun strapped to a knife. It isn't neccessarily a gun due to lack of range, but still has the ability to charge up one powerful punch to a wyvern's face...
Light Bow Gun (LBG) For those wanting to kick back, whilst still wanting action. Also has a rapid fire function. Fastish.
Heavy Bow Gun (HBG) Slow, yet somewhat packs a punch.
Bow and Arrow (BnA) The SnS of the ranged world.